江苏对特色经济作物用药问题进行对症解决
随着高效农业的快速发展，蔬菜等特色经济作物已成为许多地区农业增效、农民增收的支柱产业。鉴于部分特色经济作物登记农药产品少，生产过程中存在超范围用药、滥用药等问题，江苏省农业部门组织开展了蔬菜等特色经济作物用药筛选，指导农民科学用药，努力提高农产品质量安全水平。 蔬菜等特色经济作物种类多，复种指数高，病虫害复杂多变，滥用药、错用药现象时有发生。江苏省农业委员会通过深入调查研究发现，全省蔬菜等特色经济作物用药存在以下问题。一是农药登记少，品种覆盖面窄。目前，江苏省登记农药有效成分350多种，登记产品4000多个，主要集中在水稻、小麦、玉米等大宗作物，占登记产品总数的70%以上，可用于蔬菜等特色经济作物的农药产品不足30%，远不能满足实际需求。二是无合法登记农药可用。江苏省蔬菜品种50多种，涉及病虫害防治200多种，但其中2/3没有合法登记农药可用。三是农产品质量安全风险大。江苏省农业委员会分析了过去三年全省农产品农药残留常规检测结果，发现50%的超标农产品集中在蔬菜等特色经济作物（如芹菜、韭菜、豇豆、生菜等）。 生产实践迫切需要向农民推荐安全、对症的农药品种。为此，江苏省以指导推荐安全用药为主线，组织开展了蔬菜等特色经济作物市场化筛选安全农药工作。一是项目驱动，搭建筛选平台。江苏省农业委员会安排今年农产品质量安全专项资金，遴选全省12个区域、作物布局、土壤类型不同的县（市）作为固定试验点，开展筛选工作。二是突出重点，明确筛选目标。确定芹菜等12种作物的34种主要病虫害为研究对象，对涉及的104种农药开展农药筛选试验。三是点面结合，完善组织体系。江苏省农药检验所牵头组织全省12个试验点，依托江苏农产品质量检测中心、南京农业大学、扬州大学等单位的技术支撑，成立了试验技术组、登记研究组、服务保障组和专家咨询组，四个工作组形成了完整有效的组织体系。 江苏省通过筛选试验，一是建立了农药品种数据库，确定推荐农药产品；二是建立了登记农药技术储备，组织农业科研教学单位对特色经济作物及其病虫害进行分组，提出病虫害应急防控建议，做好相关农药技术的储备；三是提高企业登记意愿，针对蔬菜等特色经济作物种植面积小、用药量少、市场空间小的特点，积极争取项目资金和政策支持，提高企业登记积极性。通过这些措施，解决蔬菜等特色经济作物生产中农药选择“有药无证”、“有证无药”的问题。
2015-09-21
随着高效农业的快速发展，蔬菜等特色经济作物已成为许多地方农业增效、农民增收的支柱产业。鉴于部分特色经济作物登记农药产品较少，生产过程中存在用药过量、滥用药等问题，江苏省农业部门组织开展了蔬菜等特色经济作物用药筛选，指导农民科学用药，努力提高农产品质量安全水平。
今年1月至7月，我国农药出口量有所增加，但出口额大幅下降
海关总署统计数据显示，1-7月，我国农药出口78.9万吨，同比增长3.0%，出口额达23.9亿美元，同比大幅下降12.5%。 其中，杀菌剂出口量和出口额保持增长态势，分别增长7.5%和6.2%。杀虫剂出口量为13.5万吨，同比下降7.5%；出口额达5.5亿美元，同比大幅下降15.4%。除草剂出口量为57.5万吨，同比增长4.8%；出口额为15.1亿美元，同比大幅下降14.9%。 1-7月，共进口农药5.9万吨，同比增长1.5%，进口额达5亿美元，同比下降3.7%。 其中，杀虫剂进口量为70万吨，同比下降5.9%；进口额为9600万美元，同比大幅下降21.3%。杀菌剂进口量为1.8万吨，同比大幅下降12.7%；进口额为2亿美元，下降10.0%。除草剂进口量为1.8万吨，同比下降6.8%；进口额为1.2亿美元，增长5.4%。
我的国家共享了3000份绿色超级稻基因组原始测序数据
On September 15th, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Alibaba Cloud Computing Co., Ltd., Huazhi Rice Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and Beijing Judao Technology Co., Ltd. jointly launched the “Cloud Rice Project” in Changsha, with 3,000 raw sequencing data of the green super rice genome. It will be officially opened to the world through the Alibaba Cloud platform for free. This is not only conducive to accelerating large-scale discovery of excellent rice genes, breaking the technical bottleneck of rice complex trait molecular improvement, but also accelerating the process of breeding new varieties with high yield, high quality and wide adaptability, and comprehensively improving the level of rice genome research and molecular breeding in China and the world. . 3,000 copies of rice core germplasm genome sequencing data from 89 countries around the world are important project achievements of the “Major Science and Technology Project” of the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation for the cultivation of green super rice in resource-poor regions in Africa and Asia This is by far the largest plant genome sequencing project in the world. The project aims to cultivate new rice varieties that can be widely applied to the ecological environment of irrigation and rain-fed areas, and have the characteristics of efficient use of nitrogen and phosphorus, disease resistance, insect resistance, high yield, high quality, stress resistance （drought, salt and alkali）, etc. China's demonstration and promotion to promote hybrid rice seed production capacity and establish an efficient rice genotype analysis technology platform for rice molecular breeding in sub-Saharan African countries, Asia and Southwest China. Genome sequencing for rice core germplasm is a huge project. The gene database resource has at least two uses. One is to retrieve data from the gene library and study the distribution, evolution, and function of the target gene. The second is to analyze polymorphic sites between genomes and use them to develop molecular markers and even gene chips for molecular breeding. By sequencing the genome analysis of 3000 core rice germplasm, we can answer the question of how much genetic diversity of rice can be applied and where to obtain the genetic resources needed for biological breeding. The data obtained from the analysis will provide basic information for basic understanding of rice and biological breeding Resources. This research can reveal the genomic diversity of global cultivated rice resources, as well as the genetic characteristics and application value of each rice resource. In addition, bringing 3,000 rice germplasm resources to rice breeding applications will provide materials and new ideas for innovation in rice breeding. The analysis of the data will also fill people's knowledge gap in genomics about rice and even various species. According to experts, when the rice genome research meets “cloud computing”, it will produce great magic. For example, the deficiencies of the newly-exited “Liangyou 0293” variety is that the resistance to rice blast is relatively poor, and the 3,000-point rice genome study will rely on the “Yunzhi Rice” project. Within three years, not only can you find more There are many disease resistance genes, and it is expected that the resistance of new varieties of rice blast will be improved to above 3, so that relatively comprehensive new rice varieties such as yield and resistance will be cultivated, and the adaptability of super rice varieties will be better and wider.
